Read 1 Samuel 20

Covenant is not a word that we use much these days, though the concept still exists in legal relationships involving trust and unconditional love… like marriage. While even marriages are not always honoured these days, a covenant is an extremely important bond. Especially when overseen by God.

In 1 Samuel 20, David faced the prospect that he was an enemy of Israel’s king. At the same time, while driven by fear, he was comforted by the covenant between himself and Jonathan. Jonathan’s actions show the faithfulness of a covenant keeper in this chapter. It points us to our own way to thread the needle of faithfulness to God in life with the demands of the world. But most importantly, it points us to our faithful covenant keeper, Jesus, who is faithful where we are not.

David had to flee from Saul (ch. 19). He could no longer stay in Saul’s presence, facing attempt after attempt against his life. While Saul was busy prophesying, David had time to flee Naioth (v.1). He sought out Jonathan, seeking some understanding for why Saul wanted him dead (v.1).

Jonathan was not convinced that Saul meant to kill David, believing that Saul would not keep him in the dark despite his obvious allegiance to David (v.2). David was more worldly-wise and recognised that Saul would not keep his pro-David son in the loop (v.3).

Jonathan agreed to help David however he could (v.4). David proposed a test which would show if Saul was against him or just crazed, based on his reaction to David’s absence from a monthly feast (vv.5-7). David expected Jonathan to act with love and kindness to him, as the lesser partner in their covenant, because God was their witness (v.8). If David had done wrong, Jonathan should be the one to kill him (v.8). Jonathan promised his goodwill and support (vv.9-11).

To let David know the outcome in a way which avoided dragging Jonathan openly into conflict with Saul, they agreed an arrangement to convey the outcome. Jonathan was bound to honour his covenant oath, but also his duty to his father, the king (vv.12-17). Jonathan, on the other hand, knew David would be king after Saul, so had David promise that he would not wipe his family line out to remove the competition (v.17). 

So, in three days, Jonathan would shoot arrows at a stone heap. If his servant was told the arrows fell short, all was well. If they were long, then David needed to flee (vv.18-23). That way Jonathan could thread the needle.

Sure enough, it all came to pass. Jonathan sat down at the monthly feast, but David’s place was empty (vv.24-6). While Saul offered a day’s grace in case of ritual uncleanness, by the second day he noticed and asked why David was not there, Jonathan offered the pre-arranged falsehood (vv.27-9).

Jonathan was probably a bad liar. Saul saw right through. His reaction was as David expected, though. He angrily cursed his son, suggesting if Jonathan wanted the riches of kingship he should deliver up David (vv.30-31). When Jonathan questioned Saul’s motives in killing David, Saul threw his spear at his own son! So Jonathan had his answer, and withdrew from his godless father (vv.32-4).

There was only one thing left to do. Jonathan rose as agreed and went to shoot arrows. He shot arrows beyond, and added “Hurry! Be quick! Do not stay!” (v.38) Then, sending his servant back home, took the opportunity to tearfully bid farewell to his faithful friend, unjustly accused and sought by his godless father king (vv.39-42). While they would be on opposite sides of the conflict to come, they were friends who sought each other’s good, and the good of their families (v.42).

Jonathan’s example was exemplary. Jonathan was caught between two difficult situations; between his covenant before God with David, and between his duty to his father the king. David and Jonathan both sought a way to determine the truth, while attempting to uphold Jonathan’s duty to his father. 

While this involved falsehood, Saul was in practice an unbeliever and acting against God’s Will. When this happens, God’s People are called to a higher obedience to God than to man. But we must be careful not to use this as an excuse to disobey rules that we dislike.

Yet we must also notice that Jonathan carefully tried to balance duty to the king to his duty to his faithful covenant brother. This is the balance we must all strive for, between faithfulness to God and the demands of daily life.

However, we must not make this passage about us. Jonathan’s faithfulness points us to Christ’s faithfulness. Jesus was faithful to us when we are not, always seeking our good and suffering the rejection of the world for us. Jesus fulfilled the Law’s demands for us, and in love gave his own life for us. We can trust in God’s covenant with us, because of God’s goodness to us in Christ.

Read 1 Samuel 19:1-24

Jealousy makes people do silly things. They take and harm even when it is utterly foolish to consider, because of the consequences. Ultimately, the jealousy of the Nations against God is expressed in similar foolishness as they seek to defeat and undermine God’s salvation plan.

In 1 Samuel 19, Saul’s envy came to a head. Multiple times, he sought to kill David, or have him killed. But in all these times God protected his anointed one from harm, showing that Saul’s efforts would come to nothing compared to God’s power. This reminds us that Jesus was also protected by God in his early ministry, only laying down his life at the appointed hour. In the same way, God watches over us and protects our souls, even if our bodies may come under earthly attack.

David’s military success and God’s goodness to him saw him reach great levels of prestige in the land of Israel. Everyone loved David. Everyone except Saul. So Saul spoke to his son Jonathan, and his servants, telling them David needed to be killed (v.1).

Jonathan was a great fan of David, who he saw as a fellow servant of God (v.1) So Jonathan warned David of the plot, instructed him to hide, and promised to speak to Saul about the situation (vv.2-3).

This is exactly what Jonathan did. Appealing to morality and common sense, Jonathan warned Saul that David had done nothing against him, and in fact had done great things for him (vv.4-5). “Why then will you sin against innocent blood by killing David without cause?”

Saul listened to Jonathan’s argument, and swore an oath not to have David killed (v.6). After this, Jonathan brought David back into Saul’s presence, signalling his restoration (v.7). God protected David through Jonathan.

Soon enough David went out to battle the Philistines again, who he struck with such a great blow they fled before him (v.8). Unfortunately, once again Saul’s green envy, stoked by the harmful spirit sent to torment him in judgement, flared up as David was back in court playing the lyre (v.9). Saul tried to stick David with his spear, but only managed to stick the spear to the wall. Meanwhile, David fled from Saul’s presence (v.10). God protected David through circumstance.

So Saul sent assassins to David’s house to kill him in the morning. Thankfully, David’s wife Michal realised what was happening and warned David to flee that night, and let him out the window (vv.11-12). Meanwhile, she took an image/statue of some sort (possibly an idol) and made it look like David, claiming he was sick (vv.13-14).

When Saul sent his minions to force the issue, they found it was a fake! Michal feigned innocence, implying to Saul that David threatened her health if she did not comply (vv.15-17). God protected David through Michal.

Meanwhile David fled to Samuel for protection, and they moved villages (v.18). Yet word still got back to Saul (v.19). So Saul sent “messengers” to take David by any means necessary (v.20). But as they approached, God’s spirit came upon them turning rebellion to praise (v.20).

Not deterred, Saul sent more messengers. Same result (v.21). If at first you don’t succeed, try yet again. Same result.

So Saul, still disobedient to God, took matters in his own hands. He went searching for David and Samuel (v.22). His protest also turned to praise, as he worshipped God (v.23). 

His complete humiliation by God led to an idiom noting the strangeness of the situation: “Is Saul also among the prophets?” (v.24). God himself protected David from Saul.

David was God’s Anointed, the king who would seek after God’s own heart rather than his own as Saul did. So God protected him despite Saul’s envy and murderous intent.

Yet David was a sinner, and still fell short of God’s glory like you or I. One of his sons would truly live his life totally pleasing to God. Jesus, God’s Son, descendant of David. God’s true Anointed One.

God watched over Jesus all his days, delighting in the Son who pleased him. Despite the early and often intent of the Jewish leadership and authorities to kill Jesus, God protected and preserved him from death until his appointed hour. Only then, when Jesus laid down his life for our sins, did God allow harm to come upon his Anointed.

Because Jesus died for our sins and was raised to life, God promises to protect all of us who belong to him. We will not face the judgement to come. Our souls will be preserved, even though physical harm may come on our bodies in this present age. Our eternal hope and state is sure, and secure.

Whether God chooses to preserve and deliver us from earthly woes now, or allow our bodies to suffer loss, he will not let our souls be snatched away from him. Because God Protected his anointed, and protects those whom he loves and has called according to his purposes.

Read 1 Samuel 18:6-30

If only the Christian walk was easy, with no obstacles in the path. If only the nations supported and rejoiced in God’s goodness towards us, and did not act with malice. Yet sadly, the Christian walk is one that contains difficulties and trials, although these have a good purpose in sanctifying us and growing us in Christ.

For David, that road of difficulty was quickly approaching. While his victory over Goliath won him accolades and the godly devotion of Jonathan, Crown Prince of Israel, all was not well. Saul’s vanity would quickly turn to envy, and from there to calculated attempts to rid himself of the competition. Despite this, God’s goodness to David continued to shine. David would not succumb to Saul’s envy.

After David’s victory over Goliath, it was fair to say just about everybody loved David. The army loved him. The people loved him. Jonathan loved him. Saul was on the fence though. This would quickly change.

Even as they returned from the battlefield, the victory songs began. “Saul has struck down his thousands, and David his ten thousands” the women injudiciously sang (vv.6-7). Never a good idea to praise the king less than the servants. Worse still, it was the wrong one to praise – God was the victor, not David (the instrument). Hardly a ringing endorsement of Israel’s spiritual state.

Saul noticed, and made a note. He was angry (v.8). David was a watched man from then on (v.9). 

The next day, Saul’s harmful spirit came upon him, and twice he attempted to spear David (vv.10-11). The behaviour must not have seemed that out of place, because it did not affect David.

Yet it affected Saul. He realised that God was with David, protecting him (v.12). After all, Saul was not one to miss. So Saul made David an army commander (v.13). But even in this, God’s goodness was apparent, as David won victory after victory (v.14). Saul was in fearful awe, the nation smitten (vv.15-16). Saul probably realised that this was the successor Samuel had promised would inherit his throne.

Still, threats can be dealt with. In the cold calculus of life, the coin of life will not always turn up heads. Saul offered his eldest daughter as a wife, provided David kept fighting the Philistines (v.17). David politely and humbly declined the offer, so for whatever reason Saul married her off to another (vv.18-19). 

However, his other daughter Michal had eyes for David; here, thought Saul was his chance to use Michal as bait for his purposes (vv.20-21). So Saul offered Michal, and had his servants convince David to marry into the dynasty (v.22).

While David thought himself a little financially short-handed for Michal’s hand, Saul made it known through his servants that money was no object. If he was short of cash, 100 enemy Philistine lives would pay the bride price just as nicely (vv.23-5). Unfortunately, this was again Saul trying to create opportunities for David to trip over a Philistine spear.

Yet God continued in goodness to David. David took the offer, but doubled it to show the value of Michal (vv.26-7). David and Michal were duly married.

But Saul was horrified. Not with the deed, or even the extra numbers, but because “Saul saw and knew that the LORD was with David” (v.28) and protected him even in the schemes Saul created. Not only that, even his younger daughter loved this rival. Saul was even more afraid, and David whether he knew it or (likely) not, had an enemy (v.29).

The Philistines, angered by the slaughter of 200 of their men, went out to battle against Israel. Yet despite this, God was good to David, and David’s success was head and shoulders above the other servants of Saul (v.30).

Saul’s envy was impotent, because of God’s goodness. The contrast in David’s success and Saul’s failure is telling. The difference is not blind luck or the fates, but God’s goodness to David. It demonstrates that God is often quietly working in the background, throughout our difficulties, to work things for our good (Rom 8:28).

We often think that God’s goodness must mean miraculous intervention, as sometimes happened in the Old Testament or the Gospels. Yet just as often, God’s goodness is demonstrated by a quiet working away. How is he protecting us today? One to ponder, and give thanks for…

That goodness is not given to us because we have earned it, though, but because Jesus earned it for us. Jesus’ life was filled with situations of peril and strife, but God’s goodness kept him until the appointed hour of his death for us. Because God was with him. Because Jesus was both God and man, and thus the only man deserving of glory and praise.

Through Jesus, we are blessed by God. Through Jesus, we receive God’s favour. In Jesus, we are kept and comforted through trials, to make us more like Christ. In Jesus, the world’s envy cannot overcome God’s goodness to us.

Read 1 Samuel 17:55-18:5

Growing up I remember singing the song “what a friend we have in Jesus” at church. All our sins and grief to bear! Having close friends and confidants helps with the ups and downs of life. How much more so the steadfastness of Jesus, who is always interceding for us at God’s right hand and has given us the Holy Spirit as a comforter.

After God’s victory of Goliath, through the hands of his faithful servant David, David’s star rose to shine brightly in Israel’s skies. His feat certainly caught the attention of the calculating King Saul, but it also caught the attention of Saul’s son, Jonathan. While Saul’s acts were calculating, Jonathan’s acts expressed a man of faith who rejoiced in another’s use by God.

After seeing David confidently defeat Goliath, trusting in God for the victory, Saul was intrigued. Ever the worldly calculator, Saul wondered about this young man whose victory captivated Israel’s attention. What was his background? What were his intentions? How could he benefit?

It was for this reason that Saul asked Abner, the commander of his army, “Abner, whose son is this youth?” (v.55). Saul already knew David, because David played the harp in his Court. He had just talked to him before the battle. But now David was not just a musician or a kid with a desire to take on Goliath, but a mighty warrior champion. Potentially, a threat. What was his pedigree?

Abner naturally did not know, so was instructed to make inquiries (vv.55-6). He did so by bringing David before the king (v.57). David, fresh off the battlefield, holding the head of Goliath in his hands, before King Saul (v.57). What a sight it must have been.

Saul asked his question again, to find out what David’s background and social status was. David responded matter of factly “I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite” (v.58). No thanks for ridding him of a troublesome Philistine. Just another knight on the chessboard to move around.

What a contrast then, with Saul’s son Jonathan. Where Saul was calculating, Jonathan rejoiced that God was using another man for his purposes. “As soon as he had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was knit to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul” (v.1).

Both men had a common faith in God, and a common spirit of service and devotion motivated by that faith. Both had done great deeds for Israel motivated by their faith. But they were also different people.

Jonathan was the Crown Prince. The Heir Apparent to Israel’s throne. He was years older than David, who was not yet old enough to join the army. He came from privilege, while David came from more modest means. He came from a different tribe.

David was a threat. He may not topple Saul, but he may have displaced Jonathan as Saul’s successor in a popular revolt. Jonathan had much to lose, and little to gain. Yet despite this, Jonathan had found a fellow believer who served God over self.

There was nothing impure here. This was the bond of two men who saw love of God in each other, and had both achieved great things in God’s strength. Anyone who says otherwise says more about their weird obsessions than about David and Jonathan.

So David joined Saul’s Court (v.2). He was too prominent a figure to not keep close; to not ensure a bit of the glow reflected onto the king. 

But David and Jonathan forged a close friendship which was sealed by a covenant (v.3). He endorsed David and lent him his own prestige by lending him his clothes and armour (v.4). No soldier would sneer at David now. 

Thus David went forth and fought God’s enemies, successful wherever he turned (v.5). The people were happy. Saul’s servants were happy. Saul? To be confirmed.

Clearly, we should not view fellow servants of Christ as chess pieces to move, but as fellow servants to rejoice in. The love of Jonathan for David, a fellow kinsman in God, is the same love we all ought to have for each other. When God uses another for good, we should rejoice instead of feeling envy. Feeling bitter towards a fellow servant? Pray for their success!

Yet while this is true, we must come back to that hymn. What a friend we have in Jesus! “Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends” (John 15:13) Jesus said. Which is exactly what he did.

As great a friend as Jonathan was to David, Jesus is a greater friend. His covenant was with the Father from all eternity, to save us from our sins. He clothes us with his righteousness, and arms us with the armour of God. He laid down his life for us, that we may be reconciled to God.

What a friend David had in Jonathan. But a greater friend in Jesus. What a friend we have in Jesus, too!

Read 1 Samuel 17:41-54

One of the “assumed truths” of our world today is the belief that we are the lead actors in our story. So we are the champions in the battles we fight against whatever cause. Unfortunately, this attitude can creep into the Church and we assume stories like David and Goliath are about us. Nothing is further from the truth. David and Goliath is about God defeating our real enemies.

In this climactic scene of the confrontation between David and Goliath, we are reminded first of all that the Battle Belongs to God. God is the one who is victorious, and was victorious over sin and death through Jesus Christ. God’s victory is comprehensive and definitive, and one day will be complete.

Young David, who recognised the true spiritual nature of the conflict between Israel and the Philistines, entered onto the arena of battle after rejecting Saul’s armour and weaponry (vv.1-40). Armed with only a sling and five smooth stones, he approached the giant Goliath.

Goliath the Philistine, moved forward to meet his foe (v.41). Five times in verses 41-44, the passage refers to “the Philistine”. Goliath’s menace and imposing status is meant to come through. Goliath played on his physical prowess, like some BC giga-chad.

Goliath looked on the outside. A good thing full length mirrors did not exist, or he would have been delayed. Goliath saw David as “but a youth, ruddy and handsome in appearance” and sneered (v.42). Goliath jeered at David, saying “Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?” and cursing him by his false gods (v.43). He suggested David would make good food for the hungry scavengers circling above (v.44).

Pride, striding the earth. A haughty spirit, ready for a fall (Prov. 16:18).

David talked smack back to Goliath. Goliath was striding out in his own strength, with his own weapons, but David came relying on God (v.45). Hardly a fair fight. Goliath was a blasphemer and a rebel. David came in God’s name, his conduct and character, “whom you have defied” (v.45).

Because Goliath defied God, he was guilty of the punishment due for his sin – death (v.46). God would give him into his hand. He would cut off Goliath’s head, interesting considering he had no sword. And the Philistine army would become the scavenger food.

This would happen so that “all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel”, and that Israel itself would know that “the Lord saves not with sword and spear” (v.47). Ultimately, the battle did not belong to strength or skill of arms but “the battle is the LORD’s, and he will give you into our hand” (v.47).

The actual battle itself is pretty much an anti-climax. Goliath drew near to David at the battle line, David whipped out a stone, flung it with his sling at 200kph into Goliath’s forehead, and the great enemy was dead before hitting the floor (vv.48-9).

Weakness prevailed over strength, because physical strength is no match for God; David won without even a sword in his hand (v.50). He had to borrow Goliath’s to remove his head, and this act caused the Philistines to flee (v.51).

From there, the actual soldiers took over, slaying the fleeing Philistines all the way back home, and then plundered the abandoned Philistine camp (vv.52-3).

David, on the other hand, took the head of Goliath to Jerusalem, then paraded it to its pagan inhabitants (v.54). In other words, if God could knock off the great Goliath, they had better watch out. God had unfinished business with those who opposed his reign and his people.

The emphasis on David’s weakness, and the lack of emphasis on the actual battle, shows the emphasis should go on God, not David. Not us. God gave the victory, the battle belonged to him.

Israel could not save themselves. Israel needed a saviour to fight on their behalf, and defeat God’s foe. That saviour, for Israel, was the anointed king David who dispatched Goliath.

Yet this was just a lesson for them, just as it is for us. It pointed to something greater. Goliath represented opposition to God. The truer and greater enemy is sin and death. Jesus, the anointed king descended from David, is the true victor and Saviour of God’s People. 

Jesus relied on God in faith, just as David did, even as Jesus was nailed to the Cross for our sins. He defeated sin and death in a worldly weak way, by dying meekly on a cross. Yet he was triumphant, because the battle belonged to God.

That victory reminds us that the opposition of the world, in whatever shape it takes, is ultimately nothing compared to God’s power. We do not need to fear the world, for our Champion has already won the battle. All that is left for us, like the Israelite army, is the cleanup.

Trusting in Christ our Saviour, we can fight against sin knowing the battle belongs to God, and seeking to glorify him.

Read 1 Samuel 17:31-40

In a society which increasingly seeks to follow after pagan ways and does not order itself after God’s ways, it is easy to think the answer is political. Capture power and influence, whether in the media or the Beehive, and the nation will be influenced for the better. While this might be true in the sense of moral governance, Christ’s Kingdom is not of this world. We should not seek earthly means to victory.

Ultimately, it is God that delivers, not us. David understood this, and refused King Saul’s armour for that reason. Saul believed it was a physical battle, to be fought in a physical way. David understood that the conflict was a spiritual one playing out on earth, and that it was God who would deliver him. This event prefigured Christ’s victory over sin, not through earthly means but through his own victory on the Cross.

When David visited the Israelite camp and saw Goliath’s challenge, he understood that the issue was defiance against the only living and true God. His zeal for someone to stand up to Goliath for God may not have been appreciated by his brother, but word reached King Saul’s ear (v.31). David was quickly summoned before Saul.

Nobody else in the Israelite camp, including Saul himself, was willing to go up against Goliath. But David was. “Let no man’s heart fail because of him. Your servant will go and fight with this Philistine” (v.32).

Yet Saul was not convinced David was the right man for the job. Where David saw a spiritual conflict with physical overtones, Saul saw a physical battle. And Goliath was big. So Saul questioned David’s ability, given that Goliath had trained for battle from youth, and David himself was still a youth (v.33).

David’s reply showed his recognition that the fight was spiritual, and that victory would come from God’s hand, not David’s might. David pointed out his background as a shepherd, which required going after a lion or bear which sought to steal his father’s sheep (v.34). If the beast turned on him, then he had to strike down the beast too (v.35).

In other words, just because David had no military experience, it did not mean he was inexperienced at combat. He had fought wild animals, not men, but Goliath had lowered himself to animal status by his words and so “this uncircumcised Philistine shall be like one of them, for he has defied the armies of the living God” (v.36).

But ultimately, David’s skill with a weapon against animals was not what would save him. It was God’s protection. “The LORD who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine” (v.37). God had delivered him from wild animals. David trusted God would deliver him from Goliath.

To this, secular Saul offered an appropriately pious platitude wishing God’s presence with him (v.37) and accepted David was the man to fight the human-beast.

Yet one further example of David’s faith remained. Saul got out his armour, and dressed David in helmet and mail to protect his body, and sword (vv.38-9). This was Saul’s earthly thinking again. David was confident that God would protect and deliver him; Saul thought David needed all the help he could get.

It is unclear what David thought of wearing Saul’s kit, but it did not fit (v.39). David knew he could not fight in Saul’s armour, so he laid it aside.

David would not fight according to Saul’s earthly ways, but according to the way in which God had prepared him. He took up his shepherd’s weapons, selected five stones for his sling, and stepped forward in faith to fight the Philistine (v.40).

There is a clear contrast here between the secular, worldly way of Saul, and the way of David. Saul sought to mould David into a champion after his ideals, David rested in God’s moulding of him in the fields looking after his sheep.

Years later the Jews impatiently waited for the Messiah, and sought to mould Jesus into that image. They wanted a warrior king, not a suffering servant. They wanted a kingdom on earth, but Jesus’ kingdom is not of this world (John 18:36).

Jesus understood, because he was God himself, that only God delivers. Not through worldly means, but through the victory over sin and death at the Cross and Christ’s resurrection.

It is in this victory that we, in Christ, are victorious. Not through arms. Not through laws. Not through a ballot box. But through the victory of God’s Son, Jesus, who trusted in God and his plan, not in human strength.

As believers, God will deliver us from our enemies through Christ. We wear the armour God has given us (Eph. 6) to wage war against sin, not worldly armour. We fight spiritual enemies, not physical ones. We trust God will deliver us from trials and tribulations, because God has delivered us from sin and death through Christ.

Read 1 Samuel 17:1-30

David and Goliath is a classic Sunday School story, one which engages kids with its story of a giant killed by a young man. It has become an idiom in our culture of the underdog defeating the giant. It is used as an allegory for how we should slay the giants in our own lives. This use is wrong.

The David and Goliath story is not about us defeating our enemies. It is about God defeating his enemies, looking forward to Jesus defeating sin at the Cross. In the first section of this story, we are introduced to David and Goliath, to the weakness of a king who seeks to act in his own strength, and the faith of a young David who sees the real spiritual battle in play.

In previous chapters, Jonathan’s boldness led to the Philistines’ defeat, and their push back to the coastal plains. But the Philistines were not easily dissuaded, and once again gathered to battle and subdue Israel. Saul and his army were gathered to oppose them, on the territory of Judah (vv.1-3).

A custom in those days was for champions to represent their armies in single combat. It avoided a lot of unnecessary bloodshed, but also reflected a belief that behind duelling armies were duelling deities.

Goliath was the Philistine champion, and he was tall (about 9 foot 6), strong, and nasty (vv.4-7). Goliath taunted the Israelite camp, offering single combat with the defeated champion’s army becoming the other’s slaves (vv.8-10).

Ordinarily, Saul as Israel’s king should have taken up the challenge. Saul himself was tall and strong, which was why Israel had so readily accepted him as king. But here was someone who was taller and stronger. Saul’s strength was no longer enough to carry him. So Saul and all Israel “were dismayed and greatly afraid” (v.11).

In those days, soldiers were provided food and supplies by their families. So David was tasked with bringing food to his three older brothers, who were old enough to be called up to fight (vv.12-15). David himself was not old enough (20; Num. 1:3).

In contrast to Goliath’s strength, David’s lineage and covenantal background are recorded (v.12). David arrives on scene as Goliath has taunted Israel for 40 days, a traditional time of testing (v.16; cf. Matt. 4). David’s dad sent David to the army with food for his brothers, and something for their captain (vv.17-18). He arrived just as the war cry was issued, and went to talk to his brothers just as Goliath strutted out (vv.19-22).

“And David heard him” (v.23). Perhaps for the first time, cursing God. What a shock! And the men of Israel, fleeing and hiding! (v.24) What a sight! Perhaps to justify themselves at David’s presumably shocked and disgusted face, the soldiers point to his size and his defiance of Israel and Saul’s princely prize, since Saul lacked the courage to fight himself (v.25).

David recognised that this was not a mere military conflict, but a true spiritual battle that required a faith-filled response. So he asked who would kill Goliath and take “away the reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?” (v.26).

How dare Goliath challenge God like this? Something had to be done. “Yes” they responded, someone should do something and claim the prize (v.27).

For Eliab, it was too much. He challenged David’s motives, suggesting a heart thirsty for bloodsport led him to speak (v.28). David pointed out he had only spoken about what should be done, and turned to others to try and convince them of the need to fight (vv.29-30).

There is more to the story, but we should pause here and notice a few things. Firstly, Goliath is clearly set up as a living picture of sin and demonic opposition to God. He represents the evil spiritual forces that oppose God’s People. Not our own doubts or schoolyard bullies.

Secondly, Saul relied on his own strength. He met his match. There is always someone smarter, stronger, or more talented. We cannot rely on our own strength in taking on God’s enemies. Like Saul and Israel, we will eventually cower and fear.

Instead, we must see all of life for the true spiritual battle it is, as David did. Only when we recognise we cannot win in our own strength, and rely on God through Christ and the Holy Spirit active in our lives to provide the victory will we overcome.

Like David, if we trust in God and recognise every assault of sin as a rebellion against God, it empowers us to stand firm and resist temptation, whether internal or external from the world.

As we do so, we must rely on God’s strength ultimately shown in Jesus, David’s greater son who has already conquered sin and death at the Cross. In Christ’s strength, wearing God’s armour, we will prevail against those who oppose God, in the real spiritual battle that rages still today.

Read 1 Samuel 16:14-23

Sometimes it is hard to see in the moment why certain events happen in life. Certain doors open, others seemingly slam shut in our face unexpectedly. While we usually throw the phrase “everything happens for a reason” around, or perhaps acknowledge God’s mysterious and sovereign hand, it is often not until later on that we come to understand the reason why things happen.

David’s call to Saul’s service, immediately in 1 Samuel following David’s anointing to kingship, is one of those situations. Why does the rejected king bring the new king (unknowingly) into his service? What is the reason? These questions help us understand God’s purposes in placing David in His Majesty’s service, and what that tells us about our own relationship to the world.

The first reason to note why David ended up in Saul’s service is found in whom God’s Spirit favourably rested. In verse 13 we read that God’s Spirit rushed upon David when he was anointed king by Samuel.

By contrast, verse 14 reminds us that God’s Spirit had “departed from Saul”. No longer was Saul empowered by God for the kingly office to which he had been appointed. He operated by his own strength. Yet worse still, God was punishing Saul for his unfaithfulness and unbelief by sending “a harmful spirit” to torment him (v.14).

No doubt Saul was not pleasant to be around, just as some people afflicted today are difficult too (sometimes as Westerners I think we rush to assume mental problems when in the case of unbelievers, a spiritual cause might also be valid).

Saul’s advisers recognised that his alienation from God was the cause of his issues (v.15). But instead of calling him to repent and believe in God, they reached for treating the symptoms, by seeking someone to play soothing music, to which Saul agreed (vv.16-17).

God’s providential hand was clearly at play, because one of the young men in Saul’s court suggested David, from a small town out of the way down in Judah, as the right man for the job. The perfect candidate: “skillful in playing, a man of valour, a man of war, prudent in speech, and a man of good presence, and the LORD is with him” (v.18). While all of these are admirable attributes, the last one is the most important and likely indicates why he also had the others!

Since this resume was outstanding, Saul called David into his service (v.19). The rejected king unknowingly called his replacement to his side, which never would have happened had Saul known. David’s father obeyed Saul, and sent David with provisions and gifts to Saul’s court (v.20).

David’s entry into Saul’s court would have served a number of purposes. First, it took the country boy to the big city, where he was exposed to the ways in which big power, big sin, and big influence is exercised. Second, it would have introduced David to a wider group of power wielders, which would become important when he was older. Thirdly, it exposed David to the nature of Saul’s worldly reign and the torment upon him as judgement for his misrule of Israel. A classic education in “what not to do” which would have left a large imprint on David in later years.

But David’s entry served another purpose. Saul delighted in David, making him his armour bearer, and “asking” Jesse to keep his son because of his favourableness to Saul (vv.21-2). Whenever the torment came upon Saul from the harmful spirit, David’s skillful lyre playing soothed Saul’s mood (v.23). 

Saul, then, was able to focus on ruling Israel, and Israel’s leadership (however sinful and worldly it was) was not thrown into utter confusion. A blessing on God’s People.

In a sense, David was already blessing Israel by his presence in Saul’s court, ensuring the confusion and decay which occurs around an unstable autocrat wasn’t felt to its greatest extent.

Believers today also serve that same purpose. We are salt and light to the world, enabled by God to be such. We preserve that which would otherwise spiral into decay and destruction. 

This occurs at the “macro” level, where nations that order themselves after Christian principles and are blessed by Christian service are more likely to prosper overall than those that do not. It occurs on the micro level too, because we are salt and light in our workplaces, our homes, our clubs, our friendships.

As we do, we also with attuned eyes and ears see the implications of living life in ways which displease God, and bring his judgement upon people.

We serve in this way because Jesus served in that way before us. Jesus did far more than soothe the torment we face when afflicted by the punishment due for our sins; he took the torment on himself on the Cross, that by repenting of our sins we might enjoy the presence of God’s Spirit.

We may not know why God places us where he does, but like David we can trust and serve On His Majesty’s (God’s) Service.

Read 1 Samuel 16:1-13

How do we pick someone we think will be a good leader? Is it a telegenic personality, or charisma? Good looks or empathy off the charts? Someone who is confident and likes to meet and greet new people? Good public speaker? A successful business career, or success in sporting or academic pursuits? Wealth?

All of these things are the worldly ways in which some people make value assessments about leadership. It is the sort of thinking that led Israel to seek a king like Saul. It is not how God chooses leaders. We look on the outside; God looks on the heart. In this passage God chooses a new king, one who delights him and not the people; not even Samuel’s assumptions about kinghood. Just as Jesus delighted God, not man by outside appearance.

After Samuel rebuked Saul for his sin and said goodbye one last time, he returned to his home and grieved (15:35). Samuel was upset at the turn of events that saw God’s People led by an unfaithful man who did not follow God wholeheartedly. Would Saul lead all God’s People astray?

To Samuel’s weeping came God’s instruction, offering renewed hope. Samuel was to set aside his grieving and fill his horn with oil, to anoint a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite as a new king to replace Saul (v.1). To avoid Saul’s jealous attention, Samuel was to head to Bethlehem with a heifer to sacrifice to God, and invite Jesse and family to the festivities (vv.2-3).

Samuel did as commanded. Bethlehem was not a regular stopping point in Samuel’s regular journeys, so news of his arrival caused concern among the town leadership; what had gone wrong to deserve this attention (v.4)? Thankfully Samuel was just here to sacrifice, and they were invited! (v.5)

Jesse and his sons came along to the sacrifice event, and it came time for God to reveal to Samuel who the next king would be. Samuel looked on Jesse’s oldest, Eliab, and thought “Surely the LORD’s anointed is before him” (v.6). A tall and strapping young man, another visual feast for God’s People.

Not so fast, said God, “I have rejected him” (v.7). Even Samuel, God’s prophet, was suckered in by his eyes and worldly ideals. “For the LORD sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the LORD looks on the heart” (v.7).

So no to Eliab, and no to Abinadab (v.8). No to Shammah as well (v.9). Now Samuel and Jesse were getting down the list a little. Seven of his sons passed before Samuel, but the answer was the same. “The LORD has not chosen these” (v.10).

Were these all Jesse’s sons? (v.11) After all, God had specifically told Samuel that one of Jesse’s sons would be anointed king (v.1). Well, there was one, Jesse responded, “but behold, he is keeping the sheep” (v.11). Surely the youngest wasn’t of interest to God, Jesse thought, but Samuel by now knew better. There would be no sacrifice, and no food, until the shepherd boy came.

Sure enough, the youngest appeared, smelling of sheep, looking reddish but with “beautiful eyes and … handsome” (v.12). This was it! This was the one. “The Lord said, ‘Arise, anoint him, for this is he’” (v.12) The runt of the litter, the one that the older sons looked down on, the one Jesse did not bother to invite to the party, was the one God wanted.

And so “Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the midst of his brothers” (v.13), and the Holy Spirit came upon that young man, whose name we finally learn was David, from that day onwards (v.13).

The world whispers about possible upcoming leaders with anticipation, but David appeared out of nowhere, from nowhere. Yet David’s reign was a key moment in salvation history. Every king after David was compared to him, and the promised Messiah was painted in David’s brush strokes.

David’s anointing shows that the leadership qualities we look to when choosing leaders, whether in politics or business, or even sometimes the Church, are not the qualities God looks for. Everyone’s ideas, even Samuel’s, were wrong. 

What set David apart was what was in his heart. Our text does not say here, but it was not outward appearance. Our choice of leader, especially in the Church where God gives guidance, should follow his leading not ours.

Yet David’s anointing is important for who it looks forward to. His far-off descendant, Jesus, who also was anointed by the Holy Spirit. Who also had no form that men should look favourably upon him (Is. 53:1-3), and was rejected by Israel and its leadership. Who was also born in Bethlehem, the middle of nowhere.

And yet, who bore our griefs and sorrows, pleased God all his days, and reconciled us through his death to God. And who now reigns eternally, raised on high as our king, and as David’s king. Who pleased God in his heart.

Read 1 Samuel 15:24-35

What is true repentance? Is it saying the right words, or is it more? Is it motivated because we realise we have offended God, or because we are worried about the consequences of our sin? Is it enough to say the right words as part of God’s people when our deeds come out in the open, or must we repent with heartfelt conviction of sin?

In this passage, Saul’s repentance was the former, and was false repentance. Saul’s rejection and the judgement of Agag that followed remind us of the importance of heartfelt confession of sin to God; not to avoid or mitigate the consequences, but because we have offended him. To not do so is to walk the path to apostasy, and face God’s ultimate judgement.

When God sent Saul and Israel to bring judgement on the Amalekites, the expectation was total destruction, not keeping the king and the best of the flocks for the people to enjoy (vv.1-16). As the sheep and cattle bleated behind him, Saul received the announcement of God’s judgement; God had rejected Saul as king because of his sin (v.23).

It was only then that Saul appeared to recognise the seriousness of the sin he had committed, by not following God’s commands. He responded “I have sinned, for I have transgressed the commandment of the LORD and your words, because I feared the people and obeyed their voice. Now therefore, please pardon my sin and return with me that I may bow before the LORD” (vv.24-5).

On its face this appears like an acceptable repentant tone. But the repentance was superficial, directed towards Samuel rather than God, and appeared concerned with maintaining Saul’s standing amongst Israel rather than God’s standing. It only occurred after Samuel strongly and repeatedly accused then rebuked Saul (vv.15-23). Saul blamed his conduct on pleasing the people (“sorry but”). Finally, while the words appear good on their face, Samuel himself (as God’s prophet) refused to accept as reasonable Saul’s repentance (v.26).

As a result, Saul’s repentance was rejected. Samuel refused to accompany Saul, because Saul had rejected God’s words and so God had rejected Saul (v.26). Where Saul had been meant to fear God (12:14), he feared the people (v.24). Instead of obeying God (12:14), Saul obeyed the people’s voice (v.24). He was a man-pleaser, not a God-pleaser.

Desperately, Saul clung to Saul’s robe as Samuel turned to leave (v.27). But it tore, which Samuel told Saul was symbolic of the tearing of the relationship between Saul and God (v.28). Someone else would receive the kingdom, and God would not regret this act (vv.28-9).

In a worldly way, Saul again addressed Samuel asking him to accompany him “before the elders of my people and before Israel” to avoid the terrible loss of face that publicly losing the appearance of God’s favour would bring (v.30). Perhaps recognising the risk of a power vacuum, Samuel agreed to this request (v.31).

What then followed was a demonstration of Samuel’s faith and obedience compared to Saul’s, as he brought judgement on Agag. While Agag thought he was home scot-free, Samuel reminded Agag of his ancestor’s guilt and also his own, then hacked him to pieces; a portent of the destruction that awaits all God’s enemies (vv.32-4).

After this Samuel and Saul went their ways, and despite living within walking distance of each other, never saw each other again (v.35). Despite the words and acts, Samuel grieved over Saul’s sin. So too, did God.

In truth, it is likely that Saul, though a member of the covenant family, never truly believed in God. He did the right things and said the right words, sometimes anyway, but not when it counted. When it counted, Saul followed the world and sought to please men, not God. He never truly repented of his sin.

This passage shows us that true repentance for sin is not based on words or formulae, but sorrow and a move of the heart. It does not excuse itself by blaming others, and the focus is on the offence caused to God, not the harm that the judgement will have on us.

Words alone are not enough to save us, or the right genes. We must have a vibrant relationship with God, confessing our sins to God and recognising the harm they cause God, not the cost or harm so much to us.

Unlike Saul, we must not harden our hearts and reject God’s Word. We are privileged to have tasted the heavenly gifts, and seen God’s power displayed through his saving acts and in the Church today (Heb 6:4-6). To reject God’s Word is to reject God, to be apostate. Superficially repentant, but still in sin and under God’s judgement.

Today is the day to truly repent. Today is the day to seek to please God, not people. Today is the day to know that if we truly do so, God will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness (1 John 1:9).